Contact Information Phone: 218-726-8879 Fax: 218-726-7559 Email: rleino@d.umn.edu Address: 211 SMed 1035 University Drive Duluth, MN  55812 http://www.med.umn.edu/duluth

Senior Research Associate
Adjunct: Anatomy, Microbiology and Pathology

Research

• Proteomics of natural antibiotic substances. 
• Bioengineered connective tissue-like substrates that can harbor stem cells, for potentially treating unhealed fractures and other conditions.
• Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on ovarian and testicular function in a fish model.

Publications

Villeneuve, D.A. , Murphy, M.B., Kahl M.D., Jensen, K.M., Butterworth, B.C., Makynen E.A., Durhan, E.J., Linnum, A. Leino, R.L., Curtis, L.R., Giesy, J.P. and Anlkey, G.T.  Evaluation of the Methoxytriazine Herbicide Prometon, using a Short-term Fathead Minnow Reproduction Test and a Suite of In Vitro Bioassays. Environ. Toxicol. Chem.  In press (2006).

Leino R.L., K.M. Jensen, and G.T. Ankley.  Gonadal histology and characteristic histopathology associated with endocrine disruption in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 19:85-98 (2005).

Ankley G.T., Kahl, D.W., Kahl M.D., Jensen, K.M., Linnum, A., Leino, R.L., and Villeneuve, D.A. Reproductive and developmental toxicity and bioconcentration of perflurooctanosulfonate (PFOS) in a partial-life cycle test with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 24:2316-2324 (2005).

Jensen, K. M., Kahl, M. D., Makynen, E. A., Korte, J. J., Leino, R. L., Butterworth, B. C., and Ankley, G. T., 2004.  Characterization of responses to the antiandrogen flutamide in a short-term reproduction assay with the fathead minnow. Aquatic Toxicology.  70:99-110 (2004).

Oliveira, P.J., J.A. Bork, M.S. Santos, R.L. Leino, M.K. Froberg, A.J. Moreno, and K.B. Wallace.  Carvedilol -mediated antioxidant protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiac mitochondrial toxicity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol, 200: 159-168 (2004).

Ankley G.T., K.M. Jensen, E.A. Makynen , M.D. Kahl, J.J. Korte, M.W. Hornung,  T.R. Henry, J.S. Denny, R.L. Leino, V.S. Wilson, M.C. Cardon,  P.C.Hartig, and L.E. Gray. Effects of the androgenic growth promoter 17-beta-trenbolone on fecundity and reproductive endocrinology of the fathead minnow. Environ Toxicol Chem.  22:1350-60 (2003).

Santos, D. L., A.M. Moreno, R.L. Leino, M.K. Froberg, and K.B. Wallace.  Carvedilol protects against doxorubicin-induced mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 185:218-227 (2002).

Ankley GT, Kahl MD, Jensen KM, Hornung MW, Korte JJ, Makynen EA, R.L. Leino.  Evaluation of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole in a short-term reproduction assay with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Toxicol Sci. 67:121-30 (2002).

Leino, R.L. The contractile mechanism and "holocrine" secretion in teleost rodlet cells. 53rd Ann.Proc. of the Scandinavian Society for Electron Microscopy, June 12-15 (2002), Tampere, Finland. Jaakko Keranen and Katri Sillanpaa, editors. pp. 74-75.

Zhou, S., A. Starkov, R.L. Leino, and K.B. Wallace.  Cumulative and irreversible mitochodrial disfunction induced by doxorubicin, Cancer Res.  61:771-777 (2001).

Drewes, L.R., D.Z. Gerhart, R.L. Leino, and B.E. Enerson.  Expression and modulation of blood-brain monocarboxylate transporters.  In, Blood-Brain Barrier, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. (2001), Kobiler et al, editors. pp. 9-17.

Leino, R.L.  Phylogenetic differences in tissue distribution of rodlet cells.  Proceedings of the First International Rodlet Cell Workshop, June 14-16 (2001), Ferrara, Italy. Bahram S. Dezfuli, editor. p. 1.

Leino, R.L.  Formation and release of the secretory product in rodlet cells.  Proceedings of the First International Rodlet Cell Workshop, June 14-16 (2001), Ferrara, Italy. Bahram S. Dezfuli, editor. p. 6.

Leino, R.L.  Seasonal increases of rodlet cells and other cell-types in percid gills: association with parasitic infections.  Proceedings of the First International Rodlet Cell Workshop, June 14-16 (2001), Ferrara, Italy. Bahram S. Dezfuli, editor. p. 10.

Leino, R.L., D.Z. Gerhart, R. Duelli, B.E. Enerson, and L.R. Drewes.  Diet-induced ketosis increases monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1) levels in rat brain.  Neurochemistry International 38:519-527 (2001).

McCormick, J.H. and R.L. Leino.  Factors contributing to first year recruitment failure of fishes in acidified waters with some implications for environmental research.  Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.  128:265-277 (1999).

Leino, R.L., D.Z. Gerhart, and L.R. Drewes.  Monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1) abundance in brains of suckling and adult rats:  A quantitative electron microscopic immunogold study.  Dev. Brain Res. 113:47-54 (1999).

Gerhart, D.Z., R.L. Leino, and L.R. Drewes.  Distribution of monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT2 in rat retina.  Neuroscience  92:367-375 (1999).

Gerhart D.Z., B.E. Enerson,  O.Y. Zhdankina,  R.L. Leino, and L.R. Drewes.  Expression of the monocarboxylate transporter MCT2 by rat brain glia.  Glia 22::272-281 (1998).

Gerhart, D.Z., B.E. Enerson,  O.Y. Zhdankina,  R.L. Leino, and L.R. Drewes.  Expression of monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 by brain endothelium and glia in adult and suckling rats.  Am. J. Physiol. 273:E207-213 (1997).

Leino, R.L., D.Z. Gerhart, A.M. van Bueren, A.L. McCall, and L.R. Drewes.  Ultrastructural localization of GLUT 1 and GLUT 3 glucose transporters in rat brain.  J. Neurosci. Res. 49:617-626 (1997).

Leino, R.L. and J.H. McCormick.  Reproductive characteristics of the ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus, in the St. Louis River estuary, western Lake Superior: A histological examination of the ovaries over one annual cycle.  Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.  54: 256-263 (1997).

Gronlund, K.M.,  D.Z. Gerhart, R.L. Leino, A.L. McCall, and L.R. Drewes.  Chronic seizures increase glucose transporter abundance in rat brain.  J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol.  55:832-840 (1996).

Leino, R.L.  Reaction of rodlet cells to a myxosporean infection in kidney of bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus.  Can. J. Zool. 74: 217-225 (1996).

Gerhart, D.Z., R.L. Leino, N.D. Borson, W.E. Taylor, K.M. Gronlund, A.L. McCall and L.R. Drewes. Localization of glucose transporter GLUT 3 in brain:  comparison of rodent and dog using species-specific carboxyl-terminal antisera. Neuroscience 66: 237-246 (1995).

Gerhart, D.Z., R.L. Leino, W.E. Taylor, N.D. Borson and L.R. Drewes.   GLUT1 and GLUT3 gene expression in gerbil brain following brief ischemia: an in-situ hybridization study. Molecular Brain Res. 25:3l3-322 (1994).

Leino, R.L. and J.H. McCormick.  Histopathological effects of experimental acidification on largemouth bass, rock bass, and yellow perch from Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin. In Baddaloo, E.G., S. Ramamoorthy and J.W. Moore (eds.). Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Aquatic Toxicity Workshop: October 4-7, 1992, Edmonton, Alberta.  Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1942: 201-223 (1993).

Leino^*, R.L. and J.H. McCormick.  Responses of juvenile largemouth bass to different pH and aluminum levels at overwintering temperatures: effects on gill morphology and electrolyte balance, scale calcium, liver glycogen, and depot fat.  Can. J. Zool.  71: 531-543 (1993).

Leino, R.L., J.H. McCormick and K.M. Jensen.  Long-term effects of an acute acid pulse on juvenile black crappie, Pomoxis nigromaculatus.  In Nimmi, A.J. and M.C. Taylor (eds.). Proceedings of  the Eighteenth Annual Aquatic Toxicity Workshop: September 30-October 3, 1991, Ottawa, Ontario.  Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci.  1863: 369-371 (1992).

Leino, R.L., J.H. McCormick and K.M. Jensen.  Multiple effects of acid and aluminum on brood stock and progeny of fathead minnows with emphasis on histopathology.  Can. J. Zool.  68: 234-244 (1990).

McCormick, J.H., K.M. Jensen and R.L. Leino.  Survival, blood osmolality, and gill morphology of juvenile yellow perch, rock bass, black crappie, and largemouth bass exposed to acidified soft water.  Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.  118: 386-399 (1989).

Leino, R.L., J.H. McCormick and K.M. Jensen.  Effects of acid and aluminum on swim bladder development and yolk absorption in the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas.  Can. Tech. Rep.Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1607: 37-41(1988).

Leino, R.L., J.H. McCormick and K.M. Jensen.  Changes in gill histology of fathead minnows and yellow perch transferred to soft water or acidified soft water with particular reference to chloride cells.  Cell Tiss. Res.  250: 389-399 (1987).

Leino, R.L., P. Wilkinson and J.G. Anderson.  Histological and histopathological changes in the gills of pearl dace, Semotilus margarita, and fathead minnows Pimephales promelas, from experimentally acidified Canadian lakes.  Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci.  44: 126-134 (1987).

McCormick, J.H., K.M. Jensen, R.L. Leino and G.N. Stokes.  Fish blood osmolality, gill histology and oocyte atresia as early warning acid stress indicators.  Annls. Soc. R. Zool. Belg. 117: 309-320 (1987).

Drewes, L.R. and  R.L. Leino.  Neuron specific mitochondrial degeneration induced by hyperammonemia and octanoic acidemia. Brain Res. 340: 211-218 (1985).

Leino, R.L. and J.H. McCormick.  Effects of acid water on fish gills.  North Carolina State University Acid Deposition Program Research Summaries, pp. 179-186 (1984).

Leino^**, R.L. and J.H. McCormick.  Morphological and morphometrical changes in chloride cells of the gills of Pimephales promelas after chronic exposure to acid water.  Cell Tiss. Res.  236: 121-128 (1984).

Leino, R.L., J.G. Anderson and J.H. McCormick.  Development of apical pits in chloride cells of the gills of Pimephales promelas after chronic exposure to acid water. 41st Ann. Proc. Electron Microscopy Society of America, pp. 462-463 (extended abstract) (1983).

Leino, R.L.  Rodlet cells in the gill and intestine of Catostomus commersoni and Perca flavescens: a comparison of their light and electron microscopic cytochemistry with that of mucous and granular cells. Can. J. Zool.  60: 2768-2782 (1982).

Leino, R.L.  The effects of periodic acid-silver methenamine staining and protease digestion on the secretory granules of rodlet cells.  37th Ann. Proc. Electron Microscopy Society of America, pp. 310-311 (extended abstract) (1979).

Leino, R.L.  Intranuclear crystals in epithelial cells of Perca flavescens.  35th Ann. Proc. Electron Microscopy Society of America, pp.  404-405  (extended abstract) (1977).

Leino, R.L.  Ultrastructure of immature, developing and secretory rodlet cells in fish.  Cell Tiss. Res.  155: 367-381 (1974).